Arthroscopic Bankart repair is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat shoulder instability, particularly in cases where the shoulder frequently dislocates. This condition often results from a tear in the labrum, a ring of cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket (glenoid). The Bankart lesion refers specifically to a tear in the anterior (front) part of the labrum, which is commonly caused by a traumatic shoulder dislocation.
Why is Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Performed?
Shoulder instability can significantly impact your ability to perform daily activities and participate in sports or physical work. Recurrent shoulder dislocations can lead to further damage to the shoulder joint and surrounding tissues, increasing the risk of long-term issues like arthritis. Arthroscopic Bankart repair is performed to restore shoulder stability, reduce the risk of future dislocations, and allow patients to return to their normal activities.
Who is a Candidate for Arthroscopic Bankart Repair?
Arthroscopic Bankart repair is typically recommended for:
- Individuals with recurrent shoulder dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations).
- Patients who have experienced a traumatic shoulder dislocation leading to a Bankart lesion.
- Active individuals, including athletes, who require a stable shoulder joint to participate in sports.
- Patients who have not responded well to conservative treatments, such as physical therapy or bracing.
The Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Procedure
Arthroscopic Bankart repair is performed using an arthroscope, a small camera that allows the surgeon to see inside the shoulder joint. The procedure is minimally invasive, requiring only small incisions. During the surgery:
- Preparation: The patient is placed under general anesthesia, and small incisions are made around the shoulder.
- Arthroscopic Examination: The surgeon inserts the arthroscope to view the shoulder joint and assess the extent of the damage.
- Repairing the Labrum: Using specialized instruments, the surgeon reattaches the torn labrum to the glenoid using sutures and small anchors. These anchors are inserted into the bone to hold the labrum in place as it heals.
- Closure: The incisions are closed with sutures, and the shoulder is bandaged.
The entire procedure typically takes about 1 to 2 hours, and patients can usually go home the same day.
Recovery After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Recovery from arthroscopic Bankart repair involves a structured rehabilitation process to ensure the shoulder heals properly and regains strength and stability. Key stages of recovery include:
- Immobilization: The shoulder is typically immobilized in a sling for the first few weeks to protect the repair.
- Physical Therapy: Gradual physical therapy begins after the initial healing phase, focusing on restoring range of motion, strength, and stability.
- Return to Activities: Most patients can return to light activities within 3 months, but full recovery, including a return to sports or heavy lifting, may take 4 to 6 months.
Benefits of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
- Shoulder Stability: The primary benefit is the restoration of shoulder stability, reducing the risk of future dislocations.
- Minimally Invasive: Arthroscopy involves smaller incisions, leading to less scarring, reduced pain, and a quicker recovery compared to open surgery.
- High Success Rate: Arthroscopic Bankart repair has a high success rate in preventing recurrent dislocations, particularly in young and active patients.
