Replacement

What is Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which damaged or worn-out parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components. This surgery is typically considered when other treatments for knee problems, such as medication and physical therapy, have not provided adequate relief.

Types of Knee Replacement

1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR): Involves replacing the entire knee joint with artificial components. This is the most common type of knee replacement surgery.
2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): Only the damaged part of the knee is replaced. This procedure is suitable for patients with damage confined to a specific area of the knee.
3. Revision Knee Replacement: Performed to replace a previously implanted artificial knee joint that has worn out or failed.

Indications for Knee Replacement

Knee replacement is usually recommended for individuals with severe knee pain and disability caused by conditions such as:

• Osteoarthritis: The most common reason for knee replacement, caused by wear and tear of the knee joint.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition leading to inflammation and damage of the knee joint.
• Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis developing after an injury to the knee.
• Severe Deformity: Significant deformities that cause pain and functional limitations.

The Knee Replacement Procedure

1. Preoperative Assessment: Includes medical evaluation, imaging studies (X-rays, MRI), and discussions with the surgeon about the procedure and expected outcomes.
2. Surgery: The procedure typically takes 1-2 hours. The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replaces them with metal and plastic components designed to replicate the function of a healthy knee.
3. Postoperative Care: Involves pain management, wound care, and early mobilization to prevent complications.

Benefits of Knee Replacement

• Pain Relief: Significant reduction or elimination of knee pain.
• Improved Mobility: Enhanced ability to perform daily activities and participate in physical activities.
• Better Quality of Life: Overall improvement in quality of life and ability to engage in social and recreational activities.
• Long-Lasting Results: Modern knee replacements are designed to last many years, often providing long-term relief and function.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from knee replacement surgery involves several stages:

1. Immediate Postoperative Period: Patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days. Pain management, early mobilization, and physical therapy begin almost immediately.
2. Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is a crucial part of recovery, focusing on restoring strength, flexibility, and range of motion. This phase can last several months.
3. Home Exercises: Patients are encouraged to continue exercises at home to maintain progress achieved during physical therapy.
4. Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-up visits with the surgeon to monitor the progress and address any concerns.

Risks and Complications

While knee replacement surgery is generally safe and effective, it carries some risks, including:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Implant loosening or failure
• Nerve or blood vessel damage
• Persistent pain or stiffness